Kalmaks

 Kalmaks represent a small in number turkic-speaking people of southern Siberia (the general number is about 500 persons). Their ancestors were Teleuts moved to Tomsk region near Iskitim River. Under the Russian pressing in XVII c. a part of Kalmaks moved to the right side of Tom River and on the opposite side of Tomskaya Kurya near Sosnovskiy location. Close conjugal and religious relationships of Kalmaks with Tatar migrants resulted in forming an ethnic territorial group of Iskitim Tatars-Kalmaks.

Before Russians came they had a complex economics with prevalence of semi-nomadic cattle-breeding, fishing, gathering, hunting, primitive hoe agriculture.

Their basic type of dwelling was semi-earth-house with walls coated with clay and flat roof. Under the influence of Russians wooden houses appeared.

Shirt and trousers chambar were light outer-clothes. They didn’t have underwear. Among women’s shirts there was kinyok which looks like an analogy to Teleut shirt kunyok. The shirt kulmek was influenced by Volga region Tatars. Kulmek was worn with breast-clothes kukrykche or breast adornment. Under influence of Volga region Tatars they started to wear short waistcoats of velvet or plush. These waistcoats were worn on dresses and decorated with embroidery, braid or beads on borders. During the religious feast days they wore a robe sapan/chapan/tsapan. Sleeveless jacket lined with a light textile was men and women’s outer-clothes. Velvet or wool quilted beshmet with cotton inside was universal clothes. In winter they put fur coats ton. At the end of the XIX century men wore Russian shirts (with collar fastening at side) kine or kudmek. Festive shirt was belted with lace and every-day shirt was worn outside trousers. The most of men’s outer-clothes was adoption of the clothes of Russian peasants or Volga region Tatars.

Their religions were syncretic: they combined traditional religions remained in oral form with Muslim religion.

 Repostiories:

Time and place of acquiring of exhibits: 1997 Yurty-Konstantinovy, Kemerovo region.

Description: Collection is composed of separate objects of utensils, clothes and cult objects, donated to the museum by participants of the folk group “Kalmaki”.

Collection author: Pokoeva F.K., Sadykova-Eremeykina N.S. (1998).

Dating: middle of the XX century.

Material acquiring date: 1998

Document: Certificate of donation  ¹ 85á.

General number of exhibits: 5, among them:

Hair dresses – 3

Utensils  – 1

Spiritual culture objects –1

Exposition: the objects of this collection are not represented

Literature: